The southwest coastal region of the state experiences a typical Mediterranean type of climate. Snowfall is occasional and takes place in the Porongurup Range. Counted as one of the top nine terrestrial habitats for terrestrial biodiversity, Western Australia boasts of several endemic species of flora and fauna.  The area numbers in the top six regions for marine biodiversity, chiefly because of the offshore Leeuwin Current. The region also contains the most southerly coral reefs in the world. The central parts of the state are dominated by a semiarid climate, being a desert area. Hence, this region is sparsely populated. Mining is undertaken in the central parts. The state experiences an average annual rainfall of 200–250 millimetres.

The economy is centred on mining, tourism and agriculture industries. Western Australia provides over 36% of total overseas exports in Australia. It is also known for its iron ore production, being the third largest producer of iron-ore in the world. Due to the vast amount of natural resources found in Western Australia, extraction of different types of minerals and petroleum commodities is widespread. The extraction and processing of these natural resources drives the economy. The structure of the economy has developed favourably for the extraction and processing of natural resources in the state. Hence, the economy is much more capital – intensive, when compared to other states.
The chief commodities that are exported include iron-ore, crude oil, alumina and liquefied natural gas (LNG), gold, nickel, ammonia, wool, wheat and live cattle and sheep. The state produces and supplies more than 20% of the world’s bauxite. It is further processed into alumina at three refineries. The state also holds the distinction of being the world's third-largest iron-ore producer. WA accounts for about 75% of Australia's 240 tonnes of gold annually. The Argyle diamond mine, based north in the Kimberley region, is known for extracting diamonds. Kwinana, based south of Perth boasts of the largest oil refinery in the state. It provides sufficient diesel and petrol for local consumption.
Agriculture is a key industry, contributing vastly to Western Australia’s economy. Wheat, peas and barley crops are significant in the region. Live animals and meat products like lamb, beef and wool are much in demand. The state accounts for 50% of live cattle exports from Australia.
The tourism industry in Western Australia is largely driven by the coastal towns and cities, outside of Perth.

Due to its proximity to the Southern ocean, Victoria experiences moderate weather, as the sea helps reduce the heat during summer months and the cold during winter months. The coldest region in Victoria is the Victorian Alps, located in the northeast of the state. The Alps are part of the Great Dividing Range and run through the centre of Victoria in an east-west direction. Snowfall occurs during winter months in this region. Average temperature is 9 degrees in this mountainous area. The state records the most amount of rainfall after Tasmania in Australia.

The state of  Victoria has the second largest economy in Australia, after New South Wales, contributing to a quarter of the country’s gross domestic product. The economy is largely dominated by insurance, finance, and property services sectors. However, the community, social and personal services sectors provide employment opportunities to majority of the population.

Agricultural crops occupy more than 60% of the total land surface in the state of Victoria. Farmers engage in raising large-scale livestock and grain productions, apart from setting up small horticultural outfits.  A quarter of farmland is used to grow consumable crops. The state is the center for dairy farming in the country.

Equipment and machine manufacturing is widespread and generates sufficient revenue for Victoria. The state provides employment to over 318,000 people in the manufacturing industry. Melbourne and Geelong are the manufacturing hubs in the state.  Many renowned are manufacturers like Toyota, Ford and Holden have set up  industrial plants in the state. Apart from these, aluminium smelters have been established by Alcoa's Portland and Point Henry.  Laverton in New South Wales boasts of a major petrochemical facility and Geelong and Altona contain many oil refineries.

In Victoria, the mining industry employs only 1% of the workforce. However, it generates about A$3 billion to the gross state product in Victoria. Energy producing minerals like petroleum, brown coal and gas together contribute 90% of production in the mining industry. The State’s east, off the coast of Gippsland contain major oil and gas industries. The Latrobe Valley is the centre of power generation and brown coal mining.

Tasmania experiences cool, temperate weather. There are four seasons, which can be easily identified in the state – summer, autumn, winter and spring. The winter season is quite cold and wet. Tasmania also experiences snowfall in the higher mountainous regions. The east coast experiences warmer temperatures and is often nicknamed the ‘sun coast’ owing to the sunny climate.

Tasmania’s economy has been erratic, attributed to several reasons including, a lack of federal infrastructure highway, lack of open immigration initiatives, lack of a gold rush, decline in the wool and mineral economies, lack of population, apart from others. The industries prominent in the state at different periods of time include mining of zinc, copper, tin and iron; forestry; agriculture; and tourism. At different points of time, the people have moved away from Tassie in search of better employment opportunities.

TAS witnessed a surge in generating energy from water, termed as hydro-Industrialisation during the 1940s and 1950s. There are many food exporting sectors centred on seafood such as abalone, atlantic salmon, and crayfish. The land is not conducive for growing agricultural crops in the state. Hence, other industries have witnessed growth over the years. As majority of the state is covered by thick forest cover, forestry is a major industry.
In the 1990’s TAS saw a decline in the manufacturing sector, which forced several residents to travel to mainland Australia for better employment opportunities. In the late 1990s however, businesses improved. Several national companies have established call centres in the state. This is largely due to the easy availability of cheap broad-band fibre-optic connections. In the years, 2000 to 2010 however, the economy has experienced more improvement. Reduction in air fares and increasing number of ferries throughout Australia has proved to benefit the state. Tasmania is fast developing as a tourist destination.

Due to its central location, South Australia is bordered by all the mainland states as well as the Northern Territory of Australia. While Western Australia lies to its west, New South Wales lies to the east of the state. In the north, the state shares its border with the Northern Territory, while in the south lie the Great Australian Bight and the Indian Ocean. Further, the state of Queensland lies in the north-east direction, while Victoria is located in the south-east. There are several low mountain ranges in South Australia. The most notable among these are the Mount Lofty-Flinders Ranges system. It extends from Cape Jervis to the northern end of Lake Torrens for about 800 kilometres.

The Southern part of the state experiences typical Mediterranean type of climate. The primary industries in the state include wheat, wine and wool, which are also exported. The wine produced in South Australia constitutes more than half of the total wine produced in the entire country. The popular wine regions in the state include Clare Valley, Barossa Valley, Coonawarra, McLaren Vale, Riverland and Adelaide Hills.

The manufacturing industry is a key industry in SA, accounting for 15% of the state's Gross State Product. Manufacturing is centred on automotive, pharmaceuticals, defence technology, component manufacturing and electronic systems. Manufactured items are also exported.
The economy of the state is dependent on exports to a large extent. Each year, South Australia earns about AUD$10 billion through its various business exports. Federal funding is limited in the state, for the purpose of developing the road networks. The economic growth in the state has been slow, when compared to other states in the continent.

The state holds significance due to its large reserves of Uranium. The Olympic Dam mine, located in South Australia contains the single largest known deposit of uranium on earth. About 40% of the known uranium reserves in the world is located at the dam. The dam also holds the distinction of having the fourth-largest copper deposit in the world. The dam is also known for its vast gold reserves.

The South Australian food and drink industry is worth $10 billion.  It includes agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, horticulture, and manufacturing. Other major industries include meat and meat preparations, wool, wine, wheat, machinery, sheepskins, metal and metal manufactures, road vehicles and parts, fish and crustaceans, apart from petroleum products. Defence technology and education are gaining importance in SA’s economy. There was a 80% growth in Private Residential Building Approvals in the year 2006.

The Northern Territory is located to the west, while South Australia is situated to the south-west of the state. The state of New South Wales can be found to the south of the state. The Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean border Queensland on the east. The state boasts of several places with natural scenic beauty, which includes the sunny beaches of the Gold Coast and the Sunshine Coast. There are six world Heritage - listed areas within the state. It includes the Great Barrier Reef, Australian Fossil Mammal Sites at Riversleigh in the Gulf Country, Fraser Island, Gondwana Rainforests of Australia, the Wet Tropics of Queensland and Lamington National Park. The mountainous regions of the Great Dividing Range and the Bunya Mountains are popular tourist attractions. There are numerous waterfalls, lookouts and picnic areas in this region.

The state primarily experiences two weather seasons. The winter season is characterised by warm temperatures along with minimal rainfall, while the summer season is characterised by hot weather with better rainfall. Queensland experiences hot summers and low rainfall in the western parts. While a monsoonal 'wet' season dominates the northern part, a warm temperate climate is experienced along the coast. The state has low minimum temperatures in the central and southern parts. The ocean moderates the weather on the coast, eliminating extreme cold or hot weather conditions.

Over the past twenty years, the state has experienced a surge in the tourism and mining industries. The Gross State Product of Queensland had increased phenomenally and outperformed the other states and territories, in the decade - 1992 and 2002. The rapid economic growth may be attributed to the entry of several migrants from overseas as well as other states, increase in mining of mineral deposits, rapidly growing aerospace sector and increase in investment by the federal government. The primary crops grown in the state include pineapples, bananas and peanuts. A wide variety of temperate and tropical fruits and vegetables are also grown in the state of Queensland.

The tourism industry is a leading tertiary industry, accounting for 4.5% of the Gross State Product. On an annual basis, the industry generates $4.0 billion, due to millions of tourists who flock to the state to enjoy the sunny weather. Queensland boasts of a variety of landscapes including lush rainforests, sunny tropical coastal areas and dry inland areas. The Gold Coast of Queensland, which has five major amusement parks,  is also referred to as ‘Australia's Theme Park Capital’. It includes Movie World, Dreamworld, Wet 'n' Wild, Sea World, and WhiteWater World. Whitsunday Islands, Carnarvon Gorge and Hinchinbrook Island offer picturesque sights in the mountainous regions of the state.

Stuart Highway, also known as ‘the track’ is a single paved road which links Darwin to South Australia. The population is spread throughout the route of this track. There are two natural rock formations in the Northern Territory, which include Kata Tjuta (The Olgas) and Uluru (Ayers Rock). These are major tourist attractions and are considered to be sacred by the local Aboriginal peoples.
The Kakadu National Park, which is situated in the northern part of the territory, is a well – known tourist destination. The park has attractive wetlands and native wildlife. NT possesses an extensive series of river systems. The rivers which flow through the territory include the Finke River, Daly River, Todd River, McArthur River, Roper River, Alligator River and Victoria River.

There are two distinct climate zones in the territory, featuring tropical and desert climate conditions. While the Northern end experiences tropical weather along with high level of humidity, the central region is a desert region, with hot weather and very little rain. Tropical cyclones and monsoon rains are a common feature during the wet season in the northern parts. The north – western coastal areas experiences the most amount of rainfall. The central region which also contains Alice Springs and Ayers Rock is semi-arid, hence the region is sparsely populated.

The Northern Territory has consistently progressed and developed over the years.  Compared to other states and territories, the Gross state product per capita is the highest in the Northern Territory. This is largely due to the mining and resources industry.  The economy in the territory is defined by its mining activities, centred on petroleum and energy and other energy producing minerals. It generates revenues of $2.5 billion to the gross state product. The mining industry provides employment for more than 4,600 people.
The Northern Territory is involved in the mining of bauxite at Gove Peninsula, manganese at Groote Eylandt, Bootu Creek and Frances Creek. Gold mines are found at Union Reefs plant and Uranium is mined at the Ranger Uranium Mine.

During 2005 – 2006, NT’s exports had experienced an increase of 19 % over the previous year. Oil and gas accounted for 33.4% of the total exports of the state, followed by iron ore (20 %). Other industries which export goods include manufacturing and agriculture. The territory also imports goods in industries like chemical, machinery and equipment manufacturing, petroleum, coal and associated product manufacturing.

Tourism generates considerable revenue for the Northern Territory, owing to Uluru and Kakadu, the rock formations. Domestic and international travellers are attracted to the diverse landscapes, waterfalls and aboriginal culture.

Queensland is situated to the north of the state and Victoria is located to its south. New South Wales is bordered by the State of South Australia on the west and the Tasman Sea on the east. Sydney, Wollongong and Newcastle are the three biggest cities of New South Wales. Many forests can be found in New South Wales. The western slopes and plains, which occupy a large part of the state, are arid or semi-arid and sparsely populated. Agriculture is a major occupation in the Western slopes.

The Snowy Mountains, part of the Great Dividing Ranges lie in this state. Skiing is a favourite sport in this region. The peaks of many mountains exceed 1,000 metres. The Central, Northern and Southern Tablelands, the South West Slopes and the Southern Highlands also form part of the Great Dividing Ranges, located within NSW.
On the whole, New South Wales experiences an arid or semi-arid weather. While the eastern region mostly has temperate, wet climate, the southern region experiences cold weather. The climate ranges from cool to cold in the Snowy Mountains region, where snowfall is common in winter.

The steel and shipbuilding industry dominated the economy of New South Wales, few decades ago. Since the 1970’s however, the state has achieved rapid economic growth and transformation. New industries like information technology and financial services have replaced the old industries. Agriculture continues to contribute to the economy; however, production has declined over the years. The Central Business District of Sydney houses the Australian headquarters of many companies. Many international IT companies have set up their headquarters in the Macquarie Park region. The NSW Business Chamber with over 30,000 members, represents the business community of the State.

Sydney is a major tourist attraction and tourism provides employment to over 8% of the workforce. Places like the North Coast, Byron Bay and Coffs Harbour have developed as tourist destinations over a period of time. The Northern Tablelands produce the world's finest wools, apart from quality lambs and beef cattle. Hunter Valley is renowned for its many vineyards and quality wines produced. The region of Riverina is estimated to be the largest wine producer in the State. The largest thoroughbred horse breeding grounds in Australia is situated at Scone, in the Hunter Valley. NSW boasts of one-third of the country's sheep, apart from cattle and pigs. The State contributes about half of Australia’s timber production.

NSW has 780 national parks and reserves, teeming with wildlife. Several rainforests, rugged bush, waterfalls, outback deserts and marine wonderlands form part of the landscape in the region.

While the Goulburn-Cooma railway line is located to the east of the Australian Capital Territory, the watershed of the Cotter River is situated to the west. The ACT region is bounded by the watershed of the Molonglo River in the north-east and the watershed of Naas Creek in the south. The northern headland of Jervis Bay can be found in the southern portion of the Beecroft Peninsula, which belongs to the ACT.

The ACT region has a vast agricultural region, home to several grazing animals like dairy cattle and sheep. A large portion of The Namadgi National Park is situated in the ACT region. The rivers Naas and Murrumbidgee, flow through the park, which is mountainous and forested. The region also boasts of vineyards and some crops. Some notable townships and communities, which form part of ACT include Uriarra, Williamsdale, Tharwa, Naas and Hall.

The climate in ACT is characterised by four distinct seasons, due to its elevation and distance from the coast. The summers are hot and dry, while winters are cold, with frequent frosts and occasional fog. Several mountains located in the south-west region of the territory experience snowfall during winter. The territory also experiences thunderstorms between the months of October and March. It rains the most in the spring and summer months.